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Memoization is a technique used in JavaScript to optimize code by storing the results of expensive function calls and returning the cached result when the same inputs occur again. This avoids redundant computations, significantly improving performance. For example, calculating the factorial of a number repeatedly benefits from memoization, as the results for each number can be stored and reused, eliminating the need to recalculate them.

To find the last entry in MongoDB, use the `sort()` method in conjunction with the `limit()` method. Sort your collection by the timestamp field in descending order and limit the result to 1 document. For example, `db.users.find().sort({timestamp: -1}).limit(1)` retrieves the document with the latest timestamp.

An API (Application Programming Interface) acts as a messenger between different software applications. It defines how these applications can interact and exchange data, just like a waiter takes your order from you and relays it to the kitchen. APIs specify the format of the data exchanged and the rules governing the interaction, allowing different systems to work together seamlessly.

A monitor is an essential component of a computer system, acting as the primary output device. It displays information from the computer, presenting text, images, and videos in a user-friendly format. It's the visual interface through which we interact with the digital world, allowing us to see and understand the results of our actions on the computer. Without a monitor, we wouldn't be able to see what our computer is doing or how we can control it.

The motherboard is the central hub of a computer system, acting like a large circuit board. It houses the CPU, RAM, and other essential components, allowing them to communicate and function. Imagine it as the backbone of a computer, connecting all the parts and providing the pathways for data to flow.